ABSTRACT
[Background] The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 has brought many adverse effects on the study, daily life, graduation, and job hunting of college students. Research data related to the sleep quality and stress load of college students are insufficient in the context of pandemic prevention and control. [Objective] This study investigates college students' sleep quality and stress load during the coronavirus disease pandemic, and provide evidence for adjusting their sleep quality and stress load. [Methods] Using convenience sampling method, college students from a university in Zhejiang Province were asked to complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Stress Overload Scale (SOS) on Wenjuanxing, an online questionnaire survey platform. There were 932 valid questionnaires out of 1 000 questionnaires recovered, and the valid recovery rate was 93.20%. The PSQI and SOS scores were analyzed by t test and analysis of variance respectively, the correlation by Pearson correlation analysis, and the factors affecting the sleep quality of college students by multiple logistic regression analysis. [Results] The respondents' PSQI score (7.90±2.88) was higher than that of the domestic university student norm during non-pandemic period (5.11±3.22, n=733) (t=10.34, P < 0.001). Moreover, 402 students showed a total PSQI score ≤ 7 (good sleep quality) (43.13%), and 530 students' score >7 (poor sleep quality) (56.87%). The respondents' SOS score was 70.41±9.87, including 265 high-stress (highest risk) students (28.43%), 229 challenged (low risk) (24.57%), 233 fragile (low risk) (25.00%), and 205 low-stress (lowest risk) (22.00%). The PSQI score and SOS score varied among the college students across different grades (both P < 0.001), and between those from severely or non-severely inflicted areas (both P < 0.001). With the increase of SOS score, PSQI score increased, and there was a positive correlation between them (r=0.542, P < 0.001). The multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that students from severe epidemic areas, sophomores to seniors, and students with high stress load showed poor sleep quality during the pandemic (all P < 0.001). [Conclusion] During the pandemic, the college students' sleep quality is low, and the greater their pressure load, the worse their sleep quality. Whether they come from a severely affected area, grade, and stress load are important factors affecting their sleep quality in the context of the current pandemic.
ABSTRACT
[Background] During the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, college students had some negative emotion and psychological pressure. Solution-focused approach can improve mental state and provide new ideas for improving positive emotion and stress management of college students during the pandemic. [Objective] The study evaluates the effect of solution-focused approach on enhancing the positive emotion of college students during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019. [Methods] A total of 406 college students were recruited and screened with anxiety selfassessment scale. Among them 142 had anxiety symptoms, accounting for 34.98%, and were randomly divided into a solution-focused intervention group and a control group, with 71 in each group and grouped by Wechat. Both the groups had necessary Wechat group communication. In addition, the intervention group received solution-focused intervention related questions in the chat group everyday and sent back answers via voice or text. Upon receiving answers, the researchers would give brief and positive feedback to the students and answer their questions in private messages, 15 min a day, for 7 days. Before and after the intervention, positive and negative emotions, simple coping styles, and anxiety were evaluated to compare the emotional changes between the two groups. [Results] In terms of positive emotion, the difference of scores before and after the intervention in the intervention group (3.37±0.58) was higher than that in the control group (0.35±0.17) (t=22.17, P < 0.001). In terms of negative emotion, the difference of scores before and after the intervention in the intervention group (-4.35±0.66) was lower than that in the control group (-0.86±0.24) (t=27.32, P < 0.001). Regarding positive coping style, the difference of scores before and after in the intervention group (2.31±0.82) was higher than that in the control group (0.38±0.08) (t=17.18, P < 0.001). Regarding negative coping style, the difference of scores before and after in the intervention group (-2.36±0.61) was lower than that in the control group (-0.42±0.11) (t=24.20, P < 0.001). The difference of anxiety score before and after the intervention in the intervention group (-12.98±3.75) was lower than that in the control group (-3.49±1.16) (t=22.719, P < 0.001). [Conclusion] The solution-focused intervention using WeChat platform is effective and convenient in enhancing the positive emotion and positive coping style of college students with anxiety symptoms during the pandemic, and relieve anxiety symptoms.